Fonio

Fonio may be introduced as soon as baby is ready to start solids, which is generally around 6 months of age. 

Fonio, also known as acha, are the tiny seeds of savannah grasses from West Africa, where most of the world’s supply is produced. Across the region, fonio is a common first food for babies and a vital nutrient source for individuals who are nursing or pregnant. Fonio was previously shunned by European colonizers, who demanded that African farmers grow crops with global commercial appeal, such as cotton, peanuts, and sugar. Fonio persevered thanks to its drought resistance and the efforts of rural communities, who continued to cultivate the staple food.

Yes. Fonio is a versatile gluten-free grain that offers carbohydrates, fiber, and protein, in addition to calcium, iron, magnesium, B vitamins, and zinc. It also is rich in antioxidants and polyphenols to help with bodily repair. Together, these nutrients provide energy to fuel baby’s play and exploration, as well as support digestion, growth, and development. They also support bone density, red blood cells, metabolic processes, taste perception, and more.

No, fonio, which is a form of millet, is not a common allergen. Allergies to millet are rare, but can be severe. Individuals who are allergic to rice may also be sensitive to millets such as fonio. In some cases, individuals with wheat or corn allergies may be sensitive to fonio and other millets as well; however, more research is needed. Fortunately, since fonio and other millets are gluten-free, they are appropriate for individuals with celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity to consume.

As you would when introducing any new food, start by offering a small quantity for the first few servings. If there is no adverse reaction, gradually increase the serving size over future meals.

No. Cooked fonio presents a low risk when safely prepared for a child’s age and developmental ability, though, in theory, an individual could choke on any food. To reduce the risk, prepare and serve fonio in an age-appropriate way as described in the How to Serve section. Note that loose grains of fonio are more likely to scatter in the mouth, which can cause gagging or coughing. If baby is struggling to manage the food, consider mashing the grains with the back of a fork or adding ingredients like broth, coconut milk, or sauce to help the grains stick together. As always, make sure you create a safe eating environment and stay within an arm’s reach of baby during meals. 

Learn the signs of choking and gagging and more about choking first aid in our free guides, Infant Rescue and Toddler Rescue.

None! Put solid food directly on baby’s tray, plate, or bowl, then let baby explore with their hands. If you like, keep a baby spoon or fork nearby to help familiarize the child with utensils, but the skills to use them are not expected until early toddlerhood.

While a high chair can help create a safe eating environment, there are alternative ways for baby to eat safely, such as holding the child on your lap or sitting together on the floor. For more information, see our article on high chairs.